BPC-157
Mostly preclinical
Tissue Repair & Recovery
Strong tendon-healing evidence — in animal models
Across numerous preclinical studies, BPC-157 accelerated healing of transected
Achilles tendons in rats, improving biomechanical strength and collagen organization
within 10–14 days versus untreated controls. A 2011 study identified tendon fibroblast
outgrowth, cell survival, and migration as the key mechanisms. The animal data is
remarkably consistent — but robust human clinical trials are still lacking, so results
in people remain unproven.
Chang CH et al. J Appl Physiol. 2011 · PMID 21030672
Epithalon
Early human data
Longevity
Telomerase activation & a notable mortality signal
In a foundational 2003 study, Khavinson and colleagues showed Epithalon activated
telomerase and extended telomere length in human somatic cells. Separately, a human
prospective cohort of 266 adults over age 60 found treatment with epithalamin — the
pineal extract Epithalon is based on — was associated with a 1.6–1.8× reduction in
mortality over six years. The strongest data comes from a small number of labs;
large independent trials are still missing.
Khavinson VK et al. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 · PMID 12937682
Selank
Human clinical data
Cognitive & Mood
Benzodiazepine-comparable anxiety relief, no dependency
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with generalized
anxiety disorder (N=60), intranasal Selank significantly reduced Hamilton Anxiety
Rating Scale scores versus placebo — with effects appearing by day 7 and peaking at
day 14. Researchers reported anxiolytic effects comparable to benzodiazepines but
without the sedation, tolerance, or dependency. Selank was approved in Russia for
GAD in 2009.
Zozulia AA et al. 2008 · PMID 19234799
TB-500
Early human data
Tissue Repair & Recovery
Wound-healing peptide that reached Phase II dermal trials
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring repair
peptide. In dermal Phase II trials, thymosin beta-4 promoted healing in patients with
pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa, and was reported safe and
well-tolerated. Most musculoskeletal-recovery evidence remains preclinical, and recent
work suggests the active healing agent may actually be a metabolite (Ac-LKKTE) rather
than the parent compound.
Malinda KM et al. J Invest Dermatol. 1999 · PMID 10469324
CJC-1295
Human clinical data
Growth Hormone
Sustained GH & IGF-1 increases in controlled trials
In randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials in healthy adults, subcutaneous
CJC-1295 produced dose-dependent increases in growth hormone (2–10×) and IGF-1 (1.5–3×)
lasting several days per dose, and was generally well tolerated. Important safety note:
the longer-acting "DAC" version reached Phase II for other indications but development
was halted after a trial participant death — attributed by investigators to pre-existing
heart disease, but a reason for caution.
Teichman SL et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 · PMID 16352683
GHK-Cu
Human clinical data
Skin & Regeneration
Outperformed vitamin C and retinoic acid on collagen
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper tripeptide whose plasma levels decline with age.
In clinical studies, a GHK-Cu facial cream applied for 12 weeks to 71 women with
photoaged skin increased skin density and thickness and reduced wrinkles. In a thigh-skin
comparison, GHK-Cu improved collagen production in 70% of women — versus 50% for vitamin C
cream and 40% for retinoic acid. One of the better-evidenced peptides for topical skin use.
Pickart L, Margolina A. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 · PMC6073405
Ipamorelin
Early human data
Growth Hormone
Selective GH release with a clean specificity profile
Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates a GH pulse
through the ghrelin-receptor pathway. Pharmacology studies describe a single GH peak
roughly 40 minutes after administration and a ~2-hour half-life, with a more selective
profile than older secretagogues — meaning it raises GH with relatively little effect
on cortisol or prolactin. It's frequently studied alongside CJC-1295 for complementary,
dual-pathway GH stimulation. Human data is still limited.
Raun K et al. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 · PMID 9849822